FlashcardsThe Crusades and After Flashcards
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This 89-card flashcard set covers medieval Europe and the age of the Crusades for 9th Grade history students. Topics span agricultural innovation and the three-field system, the rise of trade and merchant class, guild structures, medieval city life, the Crusades themselves (from First through Fourth), and the Reconquista and Spanish Inquisition. Use it for exam preparation, chapter review, or vocabulary and concept reinforcement across a multi-week unit.
Terms in This Set
- What two technological improvements to the plow occurred by the 800s?
- How did the "crop rotation" system impact medieval farming?
- What happened to Europe’s population between 1000 and 1300?
- Why did trade begin to improve and expand in the 1100s?
- What was a medieval "charter"
- What is "capital" in a business context?
- How did merchants protect themselves from the risk of losing gold while traveling?
- What was the "Middle Class" in medieval society?
- What was a "guild"?
- Describe the three stages of becoming a guild master.
- Journeyman:
- Master:
- Describe the physical environment of a typical medieval city.
- What were the two biggest dangers of living in a medieval city?
- Who were the primary combatants in the Crusades?
- What was the long-term economic impact of the Crusades on Europe?
- Which empire was in decline by 1054, leading to the loss of lands in Asia Minor?
- Who were the Seljuk Turks?
- What material replaced wood in plow construction by the 800s?
- Why was the switch from oxen to horses significant for farmers?
- What was the primary benefit of the new crop rotation system?
- What happened to the food supply as a result of these farming changes
- By how much did Europe's population grow between 1000 and 1300?
- What triggered the series of changes in medieval Europe in the 800s?
- Why did trade begin to improve in the 1100s?
- Where did new trade centers typically arise?
- What did the first medieval cities evolve from?
- Who did merchants ask for a charter?
- What was the purpose of a town charter?
- What did lords receive in exchange for granting a charter?
- What term describes money used for investment?
- What new financial institutions grew as a result of the need for capital?
- What is a "partnership" in a medieval business sense?
- Why was insurance developed during this time?
- How did the use of "credit" benefit merchants?
- Who were "peddlers" and how did they interact with towns?
- How did the status of peasants change by 1300?
- What did tenant farmers pay to use their land?
- Which three groups made up the new "middle class"?
- Where did the middle class rank in the social hierarchy?
- What was the function of a guild?
- At what stage of life did a person typically become an apprentice?
- At what stage of life did a person typically become an apprentice?
- How were women treated in the guild system?
- What were typical features of medieval houses in cities?
- Why were medieval cities considered breeding grounds for disease?
- What was the religious motivation behind the Crusades?
- Which group conquered Byzantine lands in 1071, prompting a move toward the Holy Land?
- Where did the Turks move after they conqueored Byzantine Lands in 1071 ?
- Which Byzantine emperor asked for help to fight the Turks?
- Who did the Byzantine emperor ask for help?
- What was the primary goal of the Crusades as launched by the Pope?
- Which Crusade was the only one considered a success for the Christians?
- In what year did the Christians capture Jerusalem during the First Crusade?
- Who was the great Muslim leader who retook Jerusalem during the Second Crusade?
- What was the outcome for Jerusalem after the Third Crusade?
- What was unusual about the Fourth Crusade in 1202?
- Who were the "trade rivals" of the crusaders during the Fourth Crusade?
- What did the Crusaders do to the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, in 1204?
- What two things did the Byzantines lose control over following the Fourth Crusade
- Who finally conquered Constantinople in 1453?
- What was Constantinople renamed after the Ottoman conquest?
- Istanbul became the capital of which empire?
- What was the emotional legacy of the Crusades in the Middle East and Europe?
- How did the Crusades affect European trade?
- The Crusades encouraged the growth of what type of economy?
- What new right did monarchs gain to support the Crusades?
- What did the experiences of crusaders introduce Europeans to?
- Who was the Venetian who traveled to China in 1271?
- What was the result of Marco Polo and the crusaders returning to Europe?
- What was the "Reconquista"?
- When did the Reconquista begin?
- How long had Muslims lived in Spain before the Reconquista?
- Which two people married in 1469 to unify Spain?
- What was the last Muslim stronghold in Spain?
- In what year did Ferdinand and Isabella capture Granada?
- How did Christians, Jews, and Muslims live together under earlier Muslim rule?
- What did Ferdinand and Isabella want to impose on their diverse people?
- What was the "Inquisition"?
- Which two religious groups were the primary targets of the Inquisition?
- What crime were people found guilty of during the Inquisition?
- What was the punishment for those found guilty of heresy?
- How many people are estimated to have fled Spain due to the Inquisition?
- What did the people fleeing Spain take with them?
- The new crop rotation system primarily improved agriculture by doing what?
- Why did merchants request charters from local lords?
- In which campaign did crusading knights fight other Christians?
- Before the switch to horses, what slower animal did farmers use to plow?
- What is the significance of the year 1054 mentioned in the text?
How to Use This Flashcard Set
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