FlashcardsPhysiology Flashcards
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This 93-card flashcard set covers central nervous system physiology for higher education students. Content spans brain anatomy (cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum), the 12 cranial nerves, meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, brain injuries, and clinical conditions like stroke and Alzheimer disease. Suitable for medical, nursing, or advanced anatomy coursework and exam preparation.
Terms in This Set
- The control center for many of the body’s functionsMuch like a complex computer
- connects spinal cord to brain; integration of reflexes necessary for survival
- involved in control of locomotion, balance, posture, coordination
- conscious thought, control
- Cranial nerves are part of what system
- Two pairs arise from cerebrum; ten pairs arise from brainstem
- Medulla OblongataMost inferior part of brainstem
- Inferiorly fibers cross midline (decussate); thus each half of the brain controls the opposite half of the body
- Pons Superior to the medulla oblongata
- MidbrainSmall and superior to pons
- CerebellumAttached to the brainstem posterior to the pons
- White matter resembles a tree due to branching
- Purkinje cells
- Cerebellar Functions
- Diencephalon - Located between the brainstem and cerebrum. What are its components?
- Thalamus - Sensory relay center - Largest part of the diencephalonSurrounded by the third ventricle What does it do?
- Subthalamus
- Epithalamus - has 2 parts - what are they?
- Hypothalamus - Most inferior portion of diencephalon
- Cerebrum - largest portion of the brain
- Longitudinal fissure:
- Lateral fissure:
- Central sulcus
- Cortex
- are folds/surface ridges
- are depressions or infoldings
- Precentral Gyrus - in the frontal lobe
- Postcentral Gyrus - in the parietal lobe
- Frontal lobe:
- Parietal lobe
- Occipital lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Cerebral Medulla
- Association fibers
- Commissural fibers
- Corpus callosum
- Projection fibers
- Speech Area
- Wernicke's area:
- Broca's area
- Sound first arrives in the primary auditory cortex - then where does it go?
- Aphasia
- Receptive Aphasia
- Expressive Aphasia
- Working memory
- Short-term memory
- Long-term memory - 2 types What are they
- Consolidation
- Declarative
- Procedural
- Limbic System
- Pheromones
- Satisfaction center
- Alzheimer Disease
- Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) = Stroke
- Connective tissue membranes
- Subdural space
- Subarachnoid space -
- Periosteal Dura
- Meningeal Dura
- Falx cerebri
- Tentorium cerebella
- Falx cerebelli
- Venous sinuses form at the bases of the three folds
- Dural sinuses
- Arachnoid Mater
- Pia Mater
- Subarachnoid space
- Injury of the brain due to impact to the skull
- Epidural Hematoma
- Subdural Hematoma
- Intracerebral Hematoma
- Concussion
- Open head trauma
- Lateral ventricles are located where?
- Third ventricle is located where?
- Fourth ventricle is located where?
- in the choroid plexuses of the ventricles by ependymal cells
- What is the function of CSF?
- Hydrocephalus
- Cranial Nerve I – Olfactory
- Cranial Nerve II – Optic
- Cranial Nerve III – Oculomotor
- Cranial Nerve IV – Trochlear
- Cranial Nerve V – Trigeminal
- Cranial Nerve VI – Abducens
- Cranial Nerve VII – Facial
- Cranial Nerve VIII – Vestibulocochlear
- Cranial Nerve IX – Glossopharyngeal
- Cranial Nerve X – Vagus
- Cranial Nerve XI – Accessory
- Cranial Nerve XII – Hypoglossal
- X (Vagus): reflexes having to do with heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration
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